Manage Human resources free essay sample

1. Outline the difference between strategic plans and operational plans Strategic plans are the long term plans and goals of an organisation, whereas operational plans are shorter term; more about detailing the day to day operations of the organisation. Operational plans need to keep the strategic goals in mind so that the organisation will reach their longer term goals. HR requirements are necessary both in strategic and operational plans. Within operational plans, the HR strategies are important to enable the employees and human sector of the organisation to function appropriately. The human element of an organisation must be aware of their roles, adequately trained and treated fairly to ensure they carry out operational tasks. This, is turn, enables the strategic plans to work. 2. Explain how performance management works Performance management is successful when the expectations and obligations of employees align with the strategic plan of the organisation. Performance management should ensure that employees’ behaviour and outputs are consistent with the long term goals of the organisation and that the two complement each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Manage Human resources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If an employee is not meeting the objectives set out by the strategic and operational plans, then it is up to the HR manager to performance manage the employee to fit into these plans or seek employment elsewhere. Therefore, performance management is not only a way to ensure that employees are supporting the organisation towards its strategic goals, but also a way in which an employee can develop skills and learn more about their own career goals. 3. Why do HR personnel need to be aware of relevant legislation? There is a lot of legislation which HR personnel need to be aware of and it is important that it is enforced and taken into account when making HR decisions. Employees need to be treated fairly and have confidence in the organisation that they work for. This can be ensured if the relevant employment and workplace legislation is followed. If this legislation is not followed, it can also be costly for the organisation in the form of fines and compensation. The legislation which applies to human resource operations are: Fairwork Act 2009 National Employment standards Long service leave act Superannuation legislation Taxation legislation and fringe benefits Workplace Health and Safety Anti-discrimination legislation Workers compensation The Fair Work Act 2009 establishes a safety net of employee entitlements with the National Employment Standards (NES) and modern awards. In some cases, an employee’s entitlements change to meet the minimum entitlements under the NES, which prevail over any instrument (including former State awards and State agreements) that is less beneficial than the entitlements under the NES. This means that if an employee is covered by an award, agreement, former State award or State agreement or contract of employment, it cannot provide less than the NES entitlements. Rules relating to other employment matters governed by the Fair Work Act 2009 also apply to those employers and employees new to the national system from 1 January 2010. This includes (but is not limited to): 1 termination of employment 2 enterprise bargaining 3 industrial action 4 right of entry 5 general protections 6 record-keeping requirements. 4. What is the aim of WHS legislation and what responsibilities does it place on employers? The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 is the legislative and administrative measures to improve occupational health and safety in Victoria. The Act sets out the key principles, duties and rights in relation to occupational health and safety. The general nature of the duties imposed by the Act means that they cover a very wide variety of circumstances, do not quickly become outdated and provide flexibility to determine what needs to be done to comply. As an employer you must provide a safe and healthy workplace for your workers and contractors. This includes: providing and maintaining safe plant(such as machinery and equipment) and safe systems of work (such as controlling entry to high risk areas, controlling work pace and frequency and providing systems to prevent falls from heights) implementing arrangements for the safe use, handling, storage and transport of chemicals (such as dangerous goods and other harmful materials) maintaining the workplace in a safe condition (such as ensuring fire exits are not blocked, emergency equipment is serviceable, and the worksite is generally tidy) providing workers and contractors with adequate facilities (such as clean toilets, cool and clean drinking water, and hygienic eating areas) making sure workers have adequate information, instruction, training and supervision to work in a safe and healthy manner. An employer must also: adequately monitor your workers health (such as providing hearing tests for workers exposed to high noise levels, providing blood tests for workers exposed to lead and monitoring fatigue levels of transport and other workers) keep information and records relevant to your workers health and safety (such as records of biological monitoring, asbestos assessments, first aid records and relevant medical information) employ or engage people with the necessary qualifications or expertise to advise you on health and safety issues affecting your workers Consult with employees on matters that may directly affect their health, safety or welfare. Where the employees are represented by a health and safety representative (HSR), the HSR must also be involved in the consultation nominate a senior management representative (or yourself) to deal with workers and their health and safety representatives in resolving health and safety issues at the workplace provide your workers with information in the appropriate languages about your workplace health and safety arrangements, including the names of those to whom the workers can make an inquiry or complaint. When hiring new employees you should inform them, in writing, of the nature of the work and ask if they have any pre-existing injury or illness that may be affected by the work. You should also inform them, in writing, that failing to notify or hiding a pre-existing injury or illness which might be affected by the nature of the proposed employment, could result in that injury or illness being ineligible for future compensation claims. Employers must ensure that other people (such as their customers, visitors and the general public) are not endangered by the conduct of your business (for example, by providing protection from falling debris around construction sites, controlling traffic access to your workplace and limiting public access within the workplace). Employers have additional specific obligations if their business involves the: manufacture, importation, transportation, supply, storage, handling or use of dangerous goods design, manufacture, importation, supply, erection or installation of plant manufacture, importation, or supply of substances. Employers also have obligations to: meet particular licensing, registration and certification requirements immediately notify WorkSafe of certain dangerous incidents co-operate with WorkSafe Inspectors  omply with Inspectors Notices and Written Directions issued by Worksafe inspectors Relevant legislation must be included in induction processes for new staff and H R must provide training within the specific areas. Employees should be made aware of their legal rights and responsibilities, as well as their employers. Policies and procedures must ensure to be in line with all relevant legislations, referring to the specific legislative requirements when needed. Policies and procedures must also take into account both emotional and physical health aspects when it comes to WHS legislation. Assessment 3 Project 1 1. I have chosen to undertake delivery of recruitment services for Cooinda Hill. The services which will be provided are: Development of position descriptions Advertising of vacant positions Interviewing process Induction process The aim of my services will be to recruit professionals as required to Cooinda Hill who fit the needs of the organisation and who can assist Cooinda Hill to reach its strategic goals. Client needs assessment form Client name: Services required (please tick): Development of position descriptions Advertising vacant positions Interview process Induction process Performance reviews Performance management Please answer the questions below relevant to your services required. Do you currently have position descriptions for all positions within the organisation? I will be creative in the advertising medium used to try to attract relevant possible appointees and promote the less tangible attributes of the positions, such as â€Å"tree change† or excellent community facilities and support for the organisation. Timelines Within the first two months all Position Descriptions will be reviewed and a gap analysis done on the current workforce. Succession plans will also be reviewed and considered in the process. A vacant position will be advertised within two weeks of the vacancy being identified. Closing date for applications will be three weeks from advertising date. First round interviews will be held within one week from closing date of applications. Applicants will be informed of outcome within one week. The second round interviews and reference checks will occur within one week of this. Successful applicants will be informed within one week of last interview. An appointment will be made approximately 4 weeks after closing date of applications. This may dependent on availability of applicant. If the process is to take longer than 4 weeks, this will be only considered in conjunction with Cooinda Hill. KPIs Adherence to the above timelines Consultation with Cooinda Hill at times indicated Successful appointment of people into vacant positions Adherence to legislative requirements Provision of services for 12 months Provision of services as outlined in this proposal

Shuvuuia - Facts and Figures

Shuvuuia - Facts and Figures Name: Shuvuuia (Mongolian for bird); pronounced shoo-VOO-yah Habitat: Plains of Asia Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (85-75 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and five pounds Diet: Insects and small animals Distinguishing Characteristics: Small, birdlike head; dinosaur-like forelimbs; primitive feathers About Shuvuuia Shuvuuia is one of those ancient dino-birds that gives paleontologists fits,comprised as it is of an equal number of bird-like and dinosaur-like characteristics. The beaked snout of this late Cretaceous creature, for example, was distinctly birdlike, as were its long legs and three-toed feet, but its too-short arms call to mind (in much smaller proportions, of course) the stunted limbs of bipedal theropods like Tyrannosaurus Rex. Lately, the consensus is that the almost certainly feathered Shuvuuia was closer to a dinosaur than it was to a prehistoric bird, but as with the much earlier Archaeopteryx, this issue may never be settled conclusively. (By the way, Shuvuuia also stands out for being one of the prehistoric animals whose name is not derived from Greek rootsshuvuu is the word for bird in Mongolia, where Shuvuuias remains were discovered in 1987.) Technically, Shuvuuia is classified as an alvarezsaur, meaning it was closely related to the roughly contemporary Alvarezsaurus of South America (as were many of the dino-birds that lived in this region of central Asia, including another close Shuvuuia relative, Kol). Perhaps more tellingly, the tiny Shuvuuia inhabited a rich, complex, and extremely dangerous ecosystem already well-stocked with predatory raptors like Velociraptor and Tsaagan and feathered troodontids like Gobivenator and Byronosaurus. Given its small size, Shuvuuia would have been fairly low down on the food chain, and probably spent most of its day evading these larger dinosaursperhaps by squeezing itself into the same crooks of trees from whence it pried out termites and grubs for its dinner.

Sandoval Surname Meaning and Origin

Sandoval Surname Meaning and Origin The Spanish surname Sandoval is a geographical or habitational last name derived from any of the places named Sandoval, in particular, the village of Sandoval de la Reina in the Spanish province of Burgos. The place name Sandoval originated as Sannoval, from the Latin saltus, meaning grove or forest, plus novalis, or newly cleared land. Sandoval is the 55th most common Hispanic surname. Surname origin:Â  Spanish, PortugueseAlternate surname spellings:Â  De Sandoval, Sandobal, De Sandobal, Sandovel Famous People With the Surname Brian Sandoval: Nevada governor.Pablo Sandoval: Giants MLB third baseman.Vicente Sandoval: President of Guatemala in the 1960sManuel Sandoval Vallarta: Mexican physicist, best known for his study of cosmic rays Where Do People With This Surname Live? According to Public Profiler: World Names the majority of individuals with the Sandoval surname live in Argentina, followed by concentrations in the United States, Austria, France, and Switzerland. Public Profiler doesnt include information from all countries, however, including Mexico and Venezuela. Genealogy Resources GeneaNet - Sandoval Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Sandoval surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries.Sandoval Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Sandoval surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Sandoval query.FamilySearch - Sandoval Genealogy: Find historical records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Sandoval surname and its variations. References Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Compare and Contrast the Courage Theme in The kite runner and The life Essay

Compare and Contrast the Courage Theme in The kite runner and The life of Pi - Essay Example The Kite Runner is a story revolving around family, friendship, betrayal, and salvation.  This is a story of a young boy, Amir, who moves to America together with his father Baba after their servants- Ali and his son Hassan- left their home. Baba tries hard to make life possible in America. After his father falling sick for some time and dies, leaving him married and forced back to Afghanistan by a family friend where he realizes that Hassan is his half- brother, a secret kept from him by his father. During massacre, Hassan and his wife died leaving a son who lived with Amir and his wife in America later on. In this paper, the courage theme in both the Life of Pi and the Kite Runner, exploring how the two stories relate is my major concern. Seeking redemption, love and tension between father and son and the persistence of the past are the major themes in the Kite Runner. Themes in the life of pie are the nature of religious belief and the will to survive. The two stories relate in various ways especially when comparing the themes. For instance, the religious factor is inevitable in the two stories. In the Kite Runner, one of the courage themes is search for redemption. This is evidenced by Amir’s departure to America in order to start a new life with the aim of being born again, to leave behind sins and suffering and find a life full of freedom and finding forgiveness. Hassan’s death has really affected him and he thinks that this is the only way to let go off his past. Similarly, in the Life of Pi, religion is a common aspect. Pi was born in Hinduism. According to BookCaps, BookCaps Study Guides Staff, Pi does not forget about religious beliefs when he survives from the boat as he â€Å"modifies his rituals to work for him in his current state† (Life of Pi 7). This implies that, all his life since childhood, he gave religion first priority and will stick to it always no matter what difficulty comes his way. The aspect of the â€Å"survi val for the fittest† also characterizes both stories. Pi’s survival from the lifeboat was so miraculous because he was stuck there with a tiger, zebra, and hyena. The time he spent in the lifeboat was very strenuous and had to come up with proper strategy in order to survive. Although he was a vegetarian, the only way he had to adopt in order to survive and move on with his journey was to feed on what was available, which was fish. Pi also had to restrict himself to the safest places of the boat (â€Å"BookCaps, BookCaps Study Guides Staff,† Life of Pi 6). Sobra is also a survivor. After his parents’ death due to massacre, he manages to escape narrowly from the massacre and in the end finds a safer place to stay with his stepfather, Amir. There is the father- son relationship in both stories. Pi’s father developed a good relationship with his two sons. BookCaps, BookCaps Study Guides Staff states that they were taught zoo keeping since their father was a renowned zookeeper in India. He loved and cared for them so much and they left India together as a family to Canada (Life of Pi 6). Additionally, BookCaps, BookCaps Study Guides Staff narrates that Amir loved Baba even though they sometimes had differences with him and he thinks that he lives his life to his father’s expectations. After father’s death in America, he came back to Afghanistan but he finds life challenged by his pas deed and so he decides to leave again to America where he also fathered Hassan’

Integrated Building Information Modelling (BIM) Essay

Integrated Building Information Modelling (BIM) - Essay Example According to RIB Software (2009, 1) globalization has brought new players to the table, to negotiate and find ways through which they have to maneuver through complex and increasing demands and projects that make it harder to communicate with partners, vendors and customers. As the financial environment become tougher, there is a need to focus on the right projects, control costs, and make accurate, feasible estimates in projects and manage the projects effectively and efficiently. In short BIM seeks to speed up the estimate time of projects and reuse the estimate information, facilitate the budge and cost control and manage cash and improve the firm’s financial position and make the best use of existing assets in any project. Below is an analysis of the different areas where BIM has bee extensively used and with the related benefits obtained though application of BIM in the construction industry. i. Surveyors Bennet (2009, 3) explains that in surveying, BIM is not just a 3D m odel that is used in design. BIM allows a better visualization of the entire project from different perspectives and employs data analysis in predicting the outcome of projects before such a project is put under construction. Surveyors have a role of demarcating the boundaries of a project in either building construction of construction of other infrastructures such as roads. Surveyors as Bennet (2009, 3) explains though the use of BIM can be able to change the details of the project as visualized though BIM to make it more feasible. It is through simulation of the projects that surveyors are able to best align the project to the best terrain or topography in the given site of construction. In the traditional methods of using 3D views, the simulation in most cases does not include the level of data analysis and simulation available under BIM. The work of surveyors under BIM has therefore been made more precise, easier and on more reliable data analysis compared to previous approache s in surveying. Iverson et al (2010, 5) explains that BMI is a digital representation of the physical and the functional characteristics of a facility. Therefore, it serves as a shared knowledge base for information concerning a facility that forms a reliable masterpiece for decision making in surveying, and the information is later passed on clearly and well documented to the rest of the project. ii. The architect Currently BIM can be integrated in all the project phases in information management system that covers the briefing stages, designing, specifying and the tendering phases of the project (Cornick 1996, 140). It stores all the information used and processed during this period and is handed over to the client once the project has been terminated. It is therefore a versatile tool that ensures effective management of projects in the construction industry. Panushev & Pollalis (2006, 2815) explains the importance of BIM as improving the owner communication, verifying constructio n drawings and consistency, checking the building constructability, visualizing complex concrete placement in workflow, avoid conflict between the structure and mechanical system and establishing a standard modeling knowledge base for use in future projects. Such information may include recipe that hold information on how the building has to be built, the methods which involve separate work activities that would be involved in the course of building, the necessary

Slavery and Indentured Servants Essay Example for Free

Slavery and Indentured Servants Essay PART ONE Question 2: Thomas Jefferson feared the growth of manufacturing mainly because he knew that America land compared to Europe’s land wasn’t as adequate and sufficient enough to manufacture our own goods and we would produce different results. Jefferson stated in the â€Å"Republican Thomas Jefferson Celebrates the Virtue of the Yeoman Farmer, 1785† document that â€Å"In Europe the lands are either cultivated, or locked up against the cultivator. Manufacture must therefore be resorted to of necessity not of choice, to support the surplus of their people† (Jefferson, 1). Also, Jefferson kept the lower class in mind and he knew that a lot of lower class families couldn’t afford to buy and sell manufactured goods. Therefore, Jefferson focused more on a nation of commercial agriculture and independent farmers, so that the low class families could work and toil for their needs. Jefferson also believed that people wanted to manufacture their own goods for the wrong reasons. For instance, Jefferson stated that people â€Å"depend on land for the casualties and caprice of customers† (Jefferson, 1). However, Alexander Hamilton’s view of America’s socioeconomic future differed from Thomas Jefferson because Hamilton dreamed of transforming the United States into a manufacturing giant like Great Britain. Hamilton was against commercial agriculture and independent farmers because he felt that â€Å"the separation of occupations causes each to be carried to a much greater perfection, than it could possibly acquire, if they were blended† (Hamilton, 1). This statement proves true to me because if everyone did the same occupation, less people would try as hard to succeed and there would also be fewer opportunities for people. Diversity brings forth a greater changer and it has more significance. If a society focused solely on complete agriculture the result and produce would vary for numerous of reasons. One reason for example is location, which can be referred to by the temperature. According to Hamilton â€Å"the difference of seasons, in the countries which are consumers make immense differences in the produce of their own soils; in different years; and consequently in the degrees of their necessity for foreign supply† (Hamilton, 2), as well as other natural problems that may occur such as lack of soil and land. Therefore, in order to secure a stable and consistent market, one would need to agree with Hamilton and set up manufacturing establishments. In my opinion, I think that both men have correct and valid point and opinions. Today, American political system expresses both elements of their philosophies. PART TWO Question 3: The thought of coming to North America for indentured servants seemed like a dream to many because it was an answer or at the very least a solution to their many problems. According to Divine textbook, indentured servants are â€Å"individuals who are contracted to serve a master for a set number of years in exchange for the cost of boat transport to America† (Divine, 26). Also in exchange for their transportation were food, lodging, clothing, and other necessities that were provided as well. Before immigration to North America indentured servants lived a very poor life in their country and suffered immensely. Most English immigrants faced poverty, unemployment, lack of clothing and food, and even shelter. But upon entering into North America most indentured servants (but not all), received the opposite of what they expected, hoped, and dreamed of and instead experienced negative results within this new land. According to the document â€Å"Our Plantation is Very Weak†, which is a letter from Richard Frethorne written to his parents during his experience as an indentured servant in Virginia in 1623; it displays extreme suffering and pity. As the title implies, his plantation was very weak due to the many death and sicknesses that the English carried over with them. For example, â€Å"For we came but twenty for the merchants, and they are half dead just; and we look every hour when two more should go† (Frethorne, 1). Therefore, they transitioned from poor suffering adults in England to the continuation of suffering as becoming servants, indentured servants. Furthermore, Frethorne begged for his parents to redeem his indenture and if not possible then at the very least that they would send some money to purchase him food. From reading this letter I really saw how much he and the other indentured servants suffered. It was so severe that the English cried out that they wished â€Å"that they were in England without their limbs-and would not care to lose any limb but to be in England again† (Frethorne, 1). Also, Frethorne quoted that â€Å"he has eaten more in [one] day at home than what he has eaten there for a week† (Frethorne, 2). These quotes really demonstrated the disparity of the indentured servants in Virginia and Frethorne’s true desire of wanting to return back to England, which wasn’t so bad after all compared to the horrible new land. However, in contrary to Frethorne, George Aslop’s writing in â€Å"They Live Well in the Time of their Service† during 1663 in Maryland document was viewed more positively than Frethorne’s outlook. He actually and surprisingly agrees with servitude. Aslop wrote, â€Å"For I’m certainly confident, that there are several Thousands in most Kingdoms of Christendom, that could not at all live and subsist, unless they had served some prefixed time† (Aslop, 2); he found servitude necessary for better living. I think it is very interesting how Frethorne’s and Aslop’s outlook on being a servant is very different. Aslop was an indentured servant for four years and instead of viewing it as enslavement he viewed it as simply serving because he was more focused on the benefits and not the circumstances. For example, â€Å"And what’s a four year’s Servitude to advantage a man all the remainder of his dayes, making his predecessors happy in his sufficient abilities, which he attained to partly by the restrainment of so small a time?† (Aslop, 2) Nonetheless, I have to keep in mind that what they experienced were in different locations (Virginia/Maryland). For instance, according to Aslop Maryland had it easier compared to other colonies, â€Å"For know, That the Servants here in Mary-Land of all Colonies, distant or remote Plantations, have the least cause to complain, either for strictness of Servitude, want of Provisions, or need of Apparel† (Aslop, 3). Also, Aslop’s document was written after his servitude as an indentured servant and Frethorne’s letter was written during his servitude. Therefore, Frethorne was more focused on his present situation because that was what he was currently enduring and dealing with. As for Aslop, who was currently enjoying the fruits of his labor therefore all of the negative experiences that he may have had meant less to him now that he survived. Also, another important difference between Frethorne and Aslop is that Aslop wasn’t necessarily a typical indentured servant because he had prior experience as an artisan or mechanic, which is more beneficial. Aslop noted, â€Å"Now those Servants which come over into this Province, being Artificers [craftsmen], they never (during their Servitude) work in the Fields† (Aslop, 3). All in all, these are the life of an indentured servant before, during, and after immigration; as well as how their life changed from that in which it was in Europe. Compared to the life of a slave, I personally view indentured servants as a form of slavery. One difference that slavery and indentured servants have to me is that slavery never had a guaranteed ending for the slaves. In most cases, in order for a slave to become free they had to escape; and if caught most often slaves were killed without any negative repercussions to the master or caregiver. Unlike indentured servants who had a signed contract guaranteeing that after they served a certain amount of years they would become free. However, if an indentured servant decided to escape, if caught death was not the punishment. According to Gottlieb Mittelberger document, â€Å"Work and labor in this new and wild land are very hard† indentured servants simply had to keep serving or at worst get sold to another master. â€Å"If such a runaway has been away from his master one day, he must serve for it as a punishment a week, for a week a month, and for a month half a year. But if the master will not keep the runaway after he has got him back, he may sell him for so many years as he would have to serve him yet† (Mittelberger, 3). Some similarities between slaves and indentured servants were that they both endured extreme hardships beginning on their voyage in the ship to their arrival on the plantations. Also, they both were sold to slave owners and masters. â€Å"No one is permitted to leave the ship except those who pay for their passage or can give good security; the others, who cannot pay, must remain on board the ships till they are purchased, and are released from the ships by their purchasers† (Mittelberger, 1). According to the Virginia Slave Laws, indentured servants were allowed to marry and were allowed to own property, unlike slaves. Also, another difference of the treatment of slaves that differs from the treatment of indentured servants is that slaves were allowed to be stripped naked and whipped but indentured servants were not. In summary, the more slaves endured severe things then the better it was for indentured servants, their status improved drastically compared to the rigid treatme nt of slaves. Some of the main factors that contributed to the waning of indentured servitude and the growth of American slavery is that the supply of white servants fell sharply, which included many factors. To replenish its labor force, planters turned to enslaved Africans. Also, Virginia and Maryland’s land became less attractive as land grew scarcer which is why many immigrants began to migrate to different colonies. Something that I found interesting within the Virginia Slave Laws is that black slavery took root in the Americans slowly. â€Å"There was a small number of Africans that already lived in Virginia before 1619, the year a Dutch ship sold some twenty blacks to the colonists. But it was not until the 1680’s that black slavery became the dominant labor system on plantations here. By 1640, only 150 blacks resided in Virginia and in 1650, 300. But by 1680, the number rose to 3,000 and by 1704, to 10,000† (Virginia Slave Laws, 1). Contrary to my assumptions in which I thought that slavery happened rapidly. In conclusion, indentured servants suffered just like slaves did. As seen above slaves and indentured servants shared commonalities as well as some divine differences.

Comparing John Smith’s A Description of New England and William Bradfor

Comparing John Smith’s A Description of New England and William Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation When the first American settlement on Roanoke Island was established in 1585 it’s primary force, Sir Walter Raleigh, had no idea that this â€Å"New World† would evolve into one of the most powerful voices in the modern world. But before it developed it would have to shaped by it’s founders from the Western world. Two of the largest voices in America’s early development are John Smith, who with a group of English merchants, hoped to get rich in this new land, and William Bradford, a puritan farmer who was one of the most influential men involved with the Mayflower compact. In their two pieces they both convey America as a place to escape but fail to reach many other similar conclusions on what America was like at this time. In John Smith’s A Description of New England he portrays early American life as a place for great opportunities to start over, live easily, and to turn small fortunes into a great wealth. Smith earned credibility for making these statements by leading many expeditions in America such as Jamestown. An example of Smith attempting to persuade the reader into believing that America was a place for rebirth he stated â€Å"What please could be more than recreate themselves before their own doors.† Smith obviously believes that the potential settlers would find it easy to drastically adjust their lifestyle in this new world. Another common theme in Smith’s piece is that he states America is an easy place to live. â€Å"... is it no pretty sport to pull up two pence, six pence, and twelve pence as fast as you can haul and veer a line?† Smith stated when describing how easy it would be to take in money by being an angler in this ... ...criptions of the new world that is caused by Smith hoping to convince settlers to move to the â€Å"New World† and Bradford describes it as a savage place that only the strong will survive. William Bradford and John Smith’s two pieces both convey America as a place to escape the European world but completely fail to contain congruency on what early America was like in this time period. Sources Bradford, William, Of Plymouth Plantation:1620-1647, ed. by Samuel E. Morison (1952); A Description of New England: or The Observations, and Discoveries, of Captain John Smith (Admiral of that Country), in the North of America, in the year of our Lord, 1614; London, 1616. Reprinted in: Dow, George Francis (1921). Two Centuries of Travel in Essex County Massachusetts: A Collection of Narratives and Observations Made by Travelers 1605-1799. The Perkins Press, Topsfield.

Born or Made Essay

In other words, I’m hitting two birds with one stone: watching the movie and relating it with my reaction paper on leaders being born or made. I’m talking about Captain America and Iron Man. What about them? Captain America was a hero in the past. He joined the military. Because of his diminutive size, he wasn’t given much attention in the army. In other words, he was a nobody until he was asked to be part of the experiment. From a small soldier to a buffy one, he has become a man of power and strength. He has become Captain America! On the other hand, Tony Sparks, commonly known as Iron Man, was a genius-billionaire-playboy-philanthropist. Because of his intelligence, he was able to make inventions that helped mankind and eventually made him Iron Man. Both have the same goal: to help and save mankind. Now, how is this related to the main topic of this paper? As I was observing the two heroes, my personal opinion would be: Captain America has innate abilities of being a leader while Iron Man has acquired the abilities, so to speak. So, are leaders born or made? II. Synopsis In the article written by Bottger (2010), he mentioned that the question â€Å"Are leaders born or made? † may not even be relevant. He claimed that it is a question that has obsessed many leadership scholars over the years and is often posed by executives in development programs. According to him, it’s â€Å"a bad question which begets bad answers†. â€Å"As many decades of leadership writing shows, this is a question that cannot yield a satisfactory response, especially for aspiring leaders. Understandably, the line taken by management educators tends to be that most leadership qualities can be developed, given adequate amounts of key personal characteristics, notably intelligence and physical energy. But the fact is that you do not know what you are born with until you try very hard to express it. Actually, the question illuminates little, as it fails to deal with a basic point, namely the degree of responsibility sought. What level of leadership responsibility does the person aspire to? The highest levels of leadership responsibilities present tasks that are massive, complex and conflictual. The playing field, the boundaries and the rules become less certain. Indeed, it is the leader’s job to shape these choices. † Bottger proposes three questions to assess one’s leadership potential: How far do you want to go? What are you willing to invest? How will you keep it up? III. Reaction/Insights Throughout history, we have learned many great people and great leaders. Napoleon Bonaparte, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , our very own Dr. Jose P. Rizal to name a few. They indeed proved their worth, thus making them part of the great men in history. But, how about now? How about me? Humbly speaking, I would say I’m not born to lead, but I’m sure made to lead and serve. If I were to trace my leadership roadmap, I would gather my playmates and acted like I was their teacher. In grade school, I was an active member of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines, I even became a Patrol Leader. In high school, I was a class officer. When I reached college, I became a class mayor. Now that I’m teaching, I have been a co-moderator of our school’s Student Council. Working with young leaders is indeed a challenging yet rewarding experience for me. I have learned so much from my council leaders. Young as they are, they have a lot to share. I can see the spirit of service in them strong. Eventually, they will become our nation’s future leaders. If I am made to lead, so are they. It is a humbling experience to be working with these young leaders because I get to realize my strengths and limitations. The leadership trainings and workshops I was exposed to eventually helped me become effective in my assignments. There is no doubt that with proper training and exposure, a person who is willing to learn and even learn from his mistakes, will become a good leader. Indeed, everything can be learned, but the leader-wanna-be should be willing to learn. But how come others seem to learn faster than the rest even if they are all willing to learn? One important factor would be intelligence. We have different IQ’s. Some learn faster, some need more time to grasp what is being taught to them. Another factor would be the environment they were or are exposed with. A person may be early on exposed to dealing with other people, say, employees of his parents in their family business. His parents may have already exposed him at a young age on how to deal with their staff and the different responsibilities involved in their business. Another person may have been exposed to a leadership in a basketball team. Being a varsity member and the team captain, he exercised responsibilities of a leader. I believe that openness to growth is very important especially to aspiring leaders. As an aspiring leader, how far do I want to go? Honestly, I love being in the academe. For as long as my superiors put their trust in me, I would love to stay for a higher position in the academe. What am I willing to invest? Pursuing my graduate studies is one step I am taking. I understand there’s still so much I have to learn. How will I keep it up? I need to be more open to criticisms, resistance and setbacks. It’s tough, I know. But I believe I can make it. Knowing that the Greatest Leader is there to guide me, I will really be able to do things right. I believe I am made to lead and serve for God’s greater glory. IV. Conclusion Are leaders born or made? I would rather say leaders are made. I believe that if a person already has innate leadership abilities, but isn’t open to growth, he or she will never become an effective leader. However, if someone has shown such leadership potential and shows willingness to be trained and is really open to learning more, he or she will become an effective one. Furthermore, the important question is: what are you willing to do – or to sacrifice – to become the best leader you can be? V. Source Bottger, P. C. & Barsoux, J. (2010, March). Are leaders born or made? Retrieved April 25, 2012, from http://www. imd. ch

Vapor Pressure and Heat Evaporation Lab Report

Vapor Pressure and Heat of Vaporization Introduction: ?Evaporation is the process of a liquid becoming vaporized. When a liquid is placed into a confined space some of the liquids will evaporate. Evaporation of the liquid depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces that are between liquid molecules. During the evaporation process of the liquid, new gas molecules exerts pressure in the sealed container, while some of the gas condenses back to the liquid state. ?If the temperature inside the container is kept constant, then the equilibrium at some point will be reached.When the equilibrium is reached, the rate of condensation is equal to the rate of evaporation and the rate of vapor pressure will remain constant as long as the temperature in the sealed container does not change. ?The relationship between the vapor pressure of a liquid and temperature is described in the Clausius-Clayperon equation: lnP= ? Hvap / R (1/T)+C. where 1nP is the natural logarithm of the vapor pressu re, ? Hvap is the change in heat vaporization, R is the universal gas constant, which is (8. 31 J/mol†¢K), T is the absolute, or Kelvin, temperature, and C is the constant that is not related to heat capacity.Therefore, Clausius-Clayperon equation does not only describes how vapor pressure is affected by the temperature, but relates to the factors of heat vaporization of a liquid. ?The purpose of this experiment is to determine the relationship between the pressure and temperature of the volatile liquids. The pressure will be measured in a sealed vessel that contains different types of liquids such as methanol, ethanol and propanol. It will be measured several times at different temperatures. At the conclusion of this experiment, the heat of vaporization will be able to be calculated.Materials: ?To be able to complete this lab procedure, the materials that are needed is a Vernier computer interface, a Vernier Gas Pressure Sensor, temperature probe, rubber stopper assembly, plas tic tubing with two connectors, hot plate, ice, one twenty milliliter syringe, one 400 milliliter beaker, two 125 milliliter Erlenmeyer flasks, one 1 liter beaker, ethanol, methanol, and 1-propanol. Methods: ?The first step in performing this experiment is to obtain and wear goggles. The alcohols used in this experiment are flammable and poisonous.The second step is to obtain the materials that are needed and set them up as accordingly. The third step is to use a hot plate to heat 200 milliliters of water in a 400 milliliter beaker. The fourth step is to prepare a room temperature water bath in a 1 liter beaker. The fifth step is to connect the Gas Pressure Sensor to channel one of the Vernier computer interface, then connect the Temperature Probe to channel two of the interface and then connect it to a computer. The sixth step is to use the clear tubing to connect the white stopper to the Gas Pressure Sensor.The white stopper must be twisted snugly into the neck of the Erlenmeyer f lask, to avoid losing any of the gas that will be produced when the liquid starts evaporating. The most important thing to do is to remember to close the valve on the white stopper. ?The seventh step is to draw in 3 milliliters of methanol into the 20 milliliter syringe that is part of the Gas Pressure Sensor accessories. Place the syringe onto the valve of the white stopper. The eighth step is to start the Logger Pro program and open the file â€Å"34 Vapor† from the Advanced Chemistry with Vernier folder. The ninth step is to click â€Å"collect† to begin collecting data.The first measurement will be the pressure of the air in the flask and the room temperature. Place the Temperature Probe near the flask. When the pressure and temperature readings are stabilized, click â€Å"keep† to record the readings. The tenth step is to add methanol to the flask by opening the valve below the syringe, push down on the syringe to inject the 1-propanol and quickly close the valve. Afterwards, remove the syringe from the stopper and monitor the pressure and temperature readings. ?The eleventh step is to place the stoppered flask into the 1 liter beaker of room temperature water.Place the Temperature Probe in the water bath and monitor the pressure and temperature readings. The twelfth step is to add a small amount of hot water to warm the water bath by only a few degrees. Stir the water with the temperature probe and monitor the pressure and temperature readings. For the thirteenth step, repeat step twelve until five trials are completed. Add hot water for each trial so the temperature of the water bath increases. After the fifth trail is recorded, open the valve to release the pressure in the flask and dispose of the alcohol as directed.The fifteenth step is to end the data collection and record the pressure and temperature readings in the data table. When recording the data, record the pressure valve of the first data point as Pair for trials one and two and record the temperature for trial one. Record the pressure value of the second data point as Ptotal for trial two as well as the temperature. The remaining values are recorded as Ptotal for trial two as well as the appropriate temperature. The last and final step is to clean the work area. Data Table: Methanol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trail 4 Trail 5 Ptotal (mmHg) 103. 1 04. 5 105. 8 101. 9 Pair (mmHg) 101. 3 102. 4 103. 3 104. 4 105. 2 Pvap (mmHg) 0. 7 1. 2 1. 4 2. 7 Temperature (Celsius) 22. 6 25. 8 28. 3 31. 2 34. 0 Ethanol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trail 4 Trail 5 Ptotal (mmHg) 106. 3 94. 7 98. 9 112. 9 Pair (mmHg) 100. 8 100. 8 92. 78 96. 0 103. 4 Pvap (mmHg) 5. 4 1. 92 2. 9 9. 5 Temperature (Celsius) 23. 9 24. 0 0. 3 9. 9 31. 7 Propanol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trail 4 Trail 5 Ptotal (mmHg) 101. 7 104. 9 106. 1 108. 3 Pair (mmHg) 100. 4 101. 1 102. 2 103. 1 104. 0 Pvap (mmHg) 0. 6 2. 7 3. 0 4. 3 Temperature (Celsius) 23. 8 23. 7 0. 2 6. 5 29. 1 Discussion At the end of thi s experiment, the results we obtained varied because of the different temperatures and pressures that we observed. During the evaporation process of the liquid, gas molecules exerts pressure in the sealed container, while some of the gas condenses back to the liquid state. If the temperature inside the container is kept constant, then the equilibrium was reached. When the equilibrium is reached, the rate of condensation is equal to the rate of evaporation and the rate of vapor pressure will remain constant as long as the temperature in the sealed container does not change.

Taj Mahal Tea Report Essay Example

Taj Mahal Tea Report Essay Example Taj Mahal Tea Report Essay Taj Mahal Tea Report Essay Also, to have a clear understanding of the market with respect to a particular brand and target audience. Tag Mall Tea The Champagne of Indian Tea Market For while India has romanced tea ever since the first tea plantations were laid out on the misty banks of the Paramount in the 1 sass, that was the year when the story took on a new shade. For in Thayer, in a tea tasters chamber in Kola, Brooke Bond Tag Mall Tea was born. Indians first premium brand, it emerged onto the market with a promise never made before fostering excellence to savoir the best. As palates filled with the exquisite flavor of the best tea leaves from the choicest gardens of Upper Assam, it dawned on India that the culture of tea-drinking had reached another plane. In the years that followed, Brooke Bond Tag Mall entered Indian hearts as one of the countrys most loved indigenous brands. The most remembered phase in the brands history came in the 1 sass with the signing on as brand ambassador of a young man with tousled hair, seraphic smile and exceptional skill honed by hours of practice. Kari Hussein, the rising star of Indian Classical Music, he personified the brands values. And just as he forswore all appreciation by saying Rare huzzah, way tag Billie! , Tag Mall o could rest on its laurels of having delivered to India a hazard mien eek experience. As the Old saying goes, times change and we are changed with them. As Brooke Bond Tag Mall entered the tumultuous decades of the 1 sass and asses, we kept with the times. Lives got more hectic and customers began to demand that things be delivered to them ever faster even their daily cup of tea. It was a challenge we took on with delight delivering tea that could be brewed faster, and yet tasted exactly how customers have always expected their cup of Tag Mall to taste. Applying our long-standing principles, we rated a new blend that would go on to become another of Indians iconic brands Brooke Bond Tag Mall Tea Bags. Launched in 1987, they were a first in India. Since then, weve never looked back. The time to rest on laurels was over. For over 4 decades, Tag Mall has been the gold standard of tea in India. It has been a pioneer of innovations in the Indian tea market the first premium tea, first to introduce tea bags, first and only tea brand in vacuum packs or the first to usher in new formats and concepts, like instant tea (in the form of Dessert Tea) Tag Mall is special because it is made from the rarest ND the best tea leaves. Brooke Bond experts go through a lot of rigor to ensure that only the best, freshest and juiciest tea leaves from a thousand go into every Tag Mall pack. Call us choosy but we want every cup of Tag Mall to give you the perfect censorial experience thats one in a thousand. BRAND AMBASSADORS: Tag is not just about tea. It is an experience; a product Of exquisite craftsmanship. So it is only fitting that the brand is personified by iconic brand ambassadors who symbolize perfection, expertise and unmatched finesse. Our first brand ambassador, Justas Kari Hussein, stood for excellence in the field of music. His accomplishments are truly spectacular. Our historic campaigns Way Tag and hazardous mien eek spoke about Squads rigor and passion for the quest of perfection, which he only found in a cup of Tag Mall. Then USAF All Khan came on board. His sophistication and refinement complimented the modern world of Tag Mall- The nab, instead of following his father onto the cricket field, chose a different path to success and became the nations heartthrob. His different approach to life perfectly matched Tats philosophy of lag Andean Of not just drinking tea, UT Smelling, Seeing and Savoring each sip. The latest to join Tats elite league is none other than Madrid Dixie-Nine. While she is looked upon as Madrid the mega star, she is equally praised for perfectly playing the role of a loving mother. This unique ability of attaining a perfect balance is the inspiration behind Tats latest campaign Glissandi, the perfect balance of strength and flavor. TAG MALL TEA VISION: Our vision is to convert tea lovers into tea connoisseurs. To this end, Tag Mall conducts tea appreciation workshops known as Tag Tea Trails. Each session takes you on a fascinating tea journey brewing to appreciating the finer aspects of tea. Key facts Tag Mall was launched in 1 966 by Brooke Bond. Status Kari Hussein, the table maestro was the brands ambassador for over a decade, exemplifying both discernment as well as the pursuit of excellence. This association is the longest association between a brand ambassador and a brand in the world. Tag Mall is the most premium brand of tea in the Indian market. It was the first brand to launch tea bags and is the only tea brand in India to be sold in Vacuum sealed packs. USAF All Khan has men the brand ambassador since 2006 Product Range Tea market in India Tea is globally one Of the most popular and cheapest beverages with major production centre in India, China, Kenya, Sir Lankan, Turkey Vietnam. The tea industry is one of the oldest organized industries in India with a large network of tea producers, retailers, distributors, auctioneers, exporters and packers. Total tea production in the world has exceeded 4 billion kegs with India producing about 1 billion keg of tea. During 2008 to 2013, black tea production in India increased at a compounded annual growth rate (CARR) of . 6% while consumption rose at a CARR of 2. 3%. Indians total annual tea production in 2013 is estimated at 1 200 million kegs out of which 65%, approximately 850 to 900 million kegs, is produced by the big tea gardens while about 250 million kegs tea is produced by small tea growers with land area ranging from 2 to 20 hectares. Tea export has remained flat over the years due to increasing competition in the global market and declining quality of tea produced in India. Thus the prices in the industry are expected to be stable with domestic consumption expected to be rising steadily. One of the oldest beverages, Tea makes one of the most competitive and challenging market both in terms of product and competition. The branded tea segment is one of the most highly penetrated branded products in India. Before analyzing the market segmentation, it is interesting to understand the product segmentation for the tea market. In terms Of product classification, the tea is usually divided into black and green tea primarily and internationally there is some variants of fruit/herbal tea, Instant tea, etc. Which has negligible penetration in the Indian market. Further in black tea, here are variants of standard and specialist black tea both in loose and packed form. With increasing disposable income and awareness on product differentiation (aroma, origin, taste etc), the loose/ standard tea is making way for more premium variants and flavors. At the same time, the increasing consumer health quotient is boosting sales for the green tea and its variants mint, lime/ lemon, classic etc. Green tea has been marketed for many health benefits such as weight loss, effective against diabetes and cancer, healthier skin, stronger immune systems and assisting in hair growth. This has not only resulted in consumption of premium segments but also given an overall push to the unit consumption price point per keg. To look at the market play, the total branded or the packaged tea (in various forms) market in India is -?9500 scores growing at a CARR of 5 percent. The branded tea in India can be classified into the packed, tea bag, and flavored tea segments whereas the unbranded segment is usually the loose tea both in unpacked or tea bag form. As per industry estimates, unpackaged tea accounts for over 45% of value sales of total tea sold in India and has a eminence presence in the rural market. With the aggressive marketing and promotional schemes along with wide distribution system, the rural market is opening wings to the branded or the packed tea brands national or regional alike. In terms of packaged or branded tea distribution, almost the entire urban India is deeply penetrated by various brands. As a typical FMC product, the karakas or independent smaller merchants account for the major channel accounting for as high as 65-70 percent of the sales followed by supermarkets and hypermarkets. The other slow emerging segment is the on-trade sales of EAI through food service formats such as tea lounges or tea cafes along with hundreds of chaw shops. Another channel of on-trade sales for packaged tea is the tea vending machines increasingly been installed in large office complexes and hospitals etc, but this channel shall witness crawling growth due to the smaller street chaw shops that appeals more to the Indian palate. Packet tea market is extremely penetrated with multiple brands with more than 300 brands in the country, dominated by HULL and Data tea which have a deep presence in both urban and rural market, across pack and variants and once together account for 30-40 percent of the total market in the packaged tea segment. The other regional / national players are Wigmaker, Dunces, Eveready, Goodrich, GAP, Garner,Spat, Thunders, Minion, Society, Marvel etc. Among the brands, Brooke Bond, Tag Mall, Red Rose, AY, Data Tea Premium, Data Tea Gold, Data Tea Again Dust, Wigmaker, Duncan, Data Tea Charka Gold etc are among the key brands sold in the branded, packaged segment though Milliner was the only prominent multinational player present in the Indian tea category and continued to be the market leader in the industry New introductions are being increasingly witnesses amongst various brands and notably by Twinning green tea variants, such as Green Tea and Mint, Green Tea and Lemon, Elastic, and Green Tea Jasmine. These trends are expected to run the market for next couple of years. Premium variants, green tea and its flavors and new flavors and fruit variants shall be launched to target consumers looking for indulgence products. Not only new products, but existing players entering into various price and variant segments and new player entry shall also be expected in packaged tea market. Consumers will also continue to shift from unpackaged to branded tea offerings. Growth is also expected via expansion Of modern retail and penetration of branded or packed tea in rural market among other factors. The RD segment shall also witness a boom and many more players shall be expected to create products with lesser differentiation. On-trade sales of packaged tea shall also be another area to watch out for as new players shall enter with various product and format offerings. Tag Malls Position in the Premium tea segment Parent Company Hindustan Milliner Category : Beverage Sector : Food Products Tagging : Way Tag, Sirs chaw nah ye hay Tag, Way Way Tag Positioning : As elegant and wonderful as Tag The brand is in the growth stage on the Product Life Cycle . This is major because the brand has maintained its product quality and has been continuously adding to the product range. On the CUBE Model, the brand is resonating. The salient features of the brand are its premiums and its exclusive selection Of teas. The brand performance is excellent on the basis of perfect balance of strength and flavor. The brand is iconic in terms of imagery. The brand is perceived as excellent and elite by the consumer. The judgment about the brand is that it is superior, has great quality and is rich in taste aroma. The feelings aroused in the consumers mind are that Tag Mall is cozy and relaxing. Moreover, it generates a feeling of nostalgia in the consumers mind due to the brands rich heritage and association in the past. Thus, the consumers are loyal and consider purchasing this product despite the high competition. Competition Tag Mall is the market leader in the premium tea market. The only major competitor is DATA Tea Gold. Other than that, increasing coffee penetration is a major threat to the tea industry.

Advantages and disadvantages of WAN

Advantages and disadvantages of WAN Assumption. The company consist of 4 buildings, one as headquarter which located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and three as branches which located in Jakarta Indonesia, Bangkok Thailand and Manila Filipina. The company consists of 4 departments that are admin staff, IT department, marketing department and human resources department, which have total 40 employees in every office. Each department has 10 employees, which mean every departments room consist of 10 personal computers. LAN architecture will be the same between headquarter and branches. Every building Consist of 3 floors, 1st floors for administrator staff and human resources staff, 2nd floor for IT department and server room and the 3rd floor for marketing and meeting room. Every department has its own peripherals such as printer, scanner, and Photostat machine. Projector will be in meeting room. Have connection to the Internet and connection to each office. Headquarter office has external backup which located in Malaysia nearby headquarter office approximately 2 km, its provide backup for the database. Problem identification. The company does not have network yet. The company does not have DBMS (Database Management System). The company does not have backup yet. Security issues. WAN explanation. There are five sites in the WAN diagram, consist of headquarter office which is located in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, three branches offices which is located in Thailand Filipina and Indonesia and one external backup which is located nearby headquarter office. The function of external backup is to keep the data as the original data. WAN topology. Basically WAN topology is almost similar with the LAN topology consist of point-to-point topology, ring topology and star topology. There are several advantages and disadvantages for every topology. The advantages and disadvantages of each topology will be shown in table bellow. For this company we suggest to use star topology because it is more s calable, provides shorter data paths between two sites and easy to add new nodes, if someday the company will expand the business by adding new branches in the other country it will easy to add to the existing WAN, the disadvantages of star topology is it has single point of failure at the concentrator routers. To overcome this problem network administrator tend to add some alternatives links between sites. WAN transmission technology. For WAN technologies we will do comparison between three technologies that are leased line, frame relay, X.25 and PPP. For WAN technologies we suggest to use frame relay because it can provide performance similar with the lease line with significantly less cost over long distance. Another reason is reduce internetworking cost because with frame relay required fewer port to access other network, increase performance with reduce complexity and definitely it is cheaper than leased line. Lower cost over long distance makes frame relay is good for this com pany because the branches office located across the country. Technology. For WAN technology we suggest to use VPN (virtual private network). VPN is alternatives technology to replace the more expensive WAN technology. The advantages of VPN that available online on: (http://www.universitydissertations.com/Communications/using-VPN.php) are, provide well security method, less expensive when compare with the WAN technology, reduce setup times, fast network link, simple network topology and productivity improved due to less constraints when compared with other networking methods. And the disadvantage of VPN is limited security for wireless users.

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Question - Essay Example I think, however, that this does not necessarily do a very good job of illustrating her point. When you boil it down to the fundamentals, the similarities in the scene consist of a person a) having two black bags and b) rushing to meet a deadline. The differences, however, are significant. The deadlines are different – a lecture and an airplane. The person in the play has a big black bag in addition to the carry on, instead of just the carry-on. If someone did a poll of all plays written, there would certainly be many instance of someone rushing somewhere with a black bag. And that Lewis chose to highlight this particular scene means that it seemed especially flagrant to her – one usually selects the best evidence to support one’s point. So, while the broad sweeps of this play seem to copy her life significantly, if the details are no closer than this I would say that it is possible the play is in fact original, and uses her life in acceptable